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Scunthorpe problem

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The Scunthorpe problem is the unintentional blocking of online content by a <a href="Spam_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam filter">spam filter</a> or <a href="Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engine</a> because their text contains a <a href="String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">string</a> (or <a href="Substring" title="Substring">substring</a>) of letters that appear to have an <a href="Obscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscene">obscene</a> or otherwise unacceptable meaning. Names, abbreviations, and technical terms are most often cited as being affected by the issue.

The problem arises since computers can easily identify strings of text within a document, but interpreting words of this kind requires considerable ability to interpret a wide range of <a href="Context" title="Context">contexts</a>, possibly across many <a href="Culture" title="Culture">cultures</a>, which is an extremely difficult task. As a result, broad blocking rules may result in <a href="False_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">false positives</a> affecting many innocent phrases.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origin">Etymology and origin</h2></div>

The problem was named after an incident in April 1996 in which <a href="AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>'s profanity filter prevented people in the English town of <a href="Scunthorpe" title="Scunthorpe">Scunthorpe</a> from creating AOL accounts because the town's name contains the substring "<a href="Cunt" title="Cunt">cunt</a>".<a href="#cite_note-risks_digest-1">[1]</a> In the early 2000s, <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>'s opt-in <a href="SafeSearch" title="SafeSearch">SafeSearch</a> made the same error, with local services and businesses that included the town in their names or <a href="URL" title="URL">URLs</a> among those mistakenly hidden from search results.<a href="#cite_note-cnet_article-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Workarounds">Workarounds</h2></div>

The Scunthorpe problem is challenging to completely solve due to the difficulty of creating a filter capable of understanding words in context.<a href="#cite_note-Vice-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

One solution involves creating a <a href="Whitelist" title="Whitelist">whitelist</a> of known false positives. Any word appearing on the whitelist can be ignored by the filter, even though it contains text that would otherwise not be allowed.<a href="#cite_note-Veale2021-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_examples">Other examples</h2></div>

Mistaken decisions by obscenity filters include:

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refused_web_domain_names_and_account_registrations">Refused web domain names and account registrations</h3></div>

<ul><li>In April 1998, Jeff Gold attempted to register the <a href="Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> shitakemushrooms.com, but due to the substring shit, he was blocked by an <a href="InterNIC" title="InterNIC">InterNIC</a> filter prohibiting the "<a href="Seven_dirty_words" title="Seven dirty words">seven dirty words</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cnet1998-6">[6]</a> (<a href="Shiitake" title="Shiitake">Shiitake</a>, also commonly spelled shitake, is the Japanese name for the edible fungus Lentinula edodes.)</li>

<li>In 2000, a Canadian television news story on <a href="Web_filtering_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Web filtering software">web filtering software</a> found that the website for the <a href="Montreal_Urban_Community" title="Montreal Urban Community">Montreal Urban Community</a> (<a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Communauté Urbaine de Montréal) was entirely blocked because its domain name was its French acronym CUM (www.cum.qc.ca);<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cum" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:cum">cum</a>" (among other meanings) is an English-language vulgar slang term for <a href="Semen" title="Semen">semen</a>.</li>

<li>In February 2004 in Scotland, Craig Cockburn reported that he was unable to use his surname (pronounced "Coburn", <a href="International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: /<a href="Cockburn_(surname)" title="Cockburn (surname)">ˈkoʊbərn</a>/) with <a href="Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a> because it contains the substring cock, a slang word for the <a href="Penis" title="Penis">penis</a>. Separately, he had problems with his workplace email because his job title, software specialist, contained the substring <a href="Cialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cialis">Cialis</a>, an <a href="Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">erectile dysfunction</a> medication commonly mentioned in <a href="Spamming" title="Spamming">spam</a> e-mails. Hotmail initially told him to spell his name C0ckburn (with a zero instead of the letter "o") but later reversed the ban.<a href="#cite_note-Cockburn-8">[8]</a> In 2010, he had a similar problem registering on the BBC website, where again the first four characters of his surname caused a problem for the content filter.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li>

<li>In February 2006, Linda Callahan was initially prevented from registering her name with <a href="Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> as an e-mail address as it contained the substring <a href="Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>. Yahoo! later reversed the ban.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li>

<li>In July 2008, Herman I. Libshitz could not register an e-mail address containing his name with <a href="Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a> because his surname contained the substring shit, and Verizon initially rejected his request for an exception. In a subsequent statement, a Verizon spokeswoman apologised for not approving his desired e-mail address.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blocked_web_searches">Blocked web searches</h3></div>

<ul><li>In the months leading up to January 1996, some web searches for <a href="Super_Bowl_XXX" title="Super Bowl XXX">Super Bowl XXX</a> were being filtered, because the <a href="Roman_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman numeral">Roman numeral</a> for the game is also used to identify <a href="Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li>

<li>Gareth Roelofse, the web designer for RomansInSussex.co.uk, noted in 2004: "We found many library Net stations, school networks and Internet cafes block sites with the word 'sex' in the domain name. This was a challenge for RomansInSussex.co.uk because its target audience is school children."<a href="#cite_note-cnet_article-2">[2]</a></li>

<li>In <a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a>, a linking letter is used in word composita to represent the genitive case of the first of two linked words. For example, in Geburtstag, which means day of birth, the compound is built up by connecting the phrase "der Geburt Tag", adding a linking s inbetween. In case the second word starts with ex-, this way of compositing long words results in the substring sex, which is said to be triggering search engine block filter lists, famously so in the word <a href="Staatsexamen" title="Staatsexamen">Staatsexamen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li>

<li>In 2008, the filter of the free wireless service of the town of <a href="Whakat%C4%81ne" title="Whakatāne">Whakatāne</a> in New Zealand blocked searches involving the town's own name because the filter's <a href="Phonetic_algorithm" title="Phonetic algorithm">phonetic analysis</a> deemed the "whak" to sound like <a href="Fuck" title="Fuck">fuck</a>; the town name is in Māori, and in the <a href="M%C4%81ori_phonology" title="Māori phonology">Māori language</a>, "wh" is most commonly pronounced /<a href="Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/. The town subsequently put the town name on the filter's <a href="Whitelist" title="Whitelist">whitelist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li>

<li>In July 2011, web searches in China on the name <a href="Jiang_(surname)" title="Jiang (surname)">Jiang</a> were blocked following claims on the <a href="Weibo" title="Weibo">Weibo</a> microblogging site that former <a href="Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) general secretary <a href="Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> had died. Since the word "Jiang" meaning "river" is written with the same <a href="Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese character</a> (江), searches related to rivers including the <a href="Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1ng_Ji%C4%81ng" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Cháng Jiāng">Cháng Jiāng</a>) produced the message: "According to the relevant laws, regulations and policies, the results of this search cannot be displayed."<a href="#cite_note-jiang-15">[15]</a></li>

<li>In February 2018, web searches on Google's shopping platform were blocked for items such as <a href="Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">glue guns</a>, <a href="Guns_N'_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a>, and <a href="Burgundy_wine" title="Burgundy wine">Burgundy wine</a> after Google hastily patched its search system after it displayed results for weapons and accessories that violated Google's stated policies.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blocked_emails">Blocked emails</h3></div>

<ul><li>In 2001, <a href="Yahoo!_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Mail">Yahoo! Mail</a> introduced an <a href="Email_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Email filter">email filter</a> which automatically replaced <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>-related strings with alternative versions, to prevent the possibility of <a href="Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">cross-site scripting</a> in <a href="HTML_email" title="HTML email">HTML email</a>. The filter would <a href="Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphenate</a> the terms "JavaScript", "<a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a>", "<a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a>" and "<a href="LiveScript_(programming_language)" title="LiveScript (programming language)">LiveScript</a>"; and replaced "<a href="Eval" title="Eval">eval</a>", "mocha" and "<a href="Expression_(computer_science)" title="Expression (computer science)">expression</a>" with the similar but not quite synonymous terms "review", "espresso" and "statement", respectively. Assumptions were involved in the writing of the filters: no attempts were made to limit these string replacements to <a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">script</a> sections and attributes, or to respect word boundaries, in case this would leave some loopholes open. This resulted in such errors as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medireview" class="extiw external" title="wikt:medireview">medireview</a> in place of <a href="Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li>

<li>In February 2003, <a href="Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Members of Parliament</a> at the <a href="British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">British House of Commons</a> found that a new <a href="Spam_filter" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam filter">spam filter</a> was blocking emails containing references to the Sexual Offences Bill then under debate, as well as some messages relating to a <a href="Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> consultation paper on censorship.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> It also blocked emails sent in <a href="Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> because it did not recognise the language.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li>

<li>In October 2004, it was reported that the <a href="Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a> in London was failing to receive some of its email because filters mistakenly treated its name as a version of the words horny man.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blocked_for_words_with_multiple_meanings">Blocked for words with multiple meanings</h3></div>

<ul><li>In October 2004, e-mails advertising the <a href="Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomime</a> <a href="Dick_Whittington_and_His_Cat" title="Dick Whittington and His Cat">Dick Whittington</a> sent to schools in the UK were blocked by school computers because of the use of the name Dick, sometimes used as <a href="Dick_(slang)" title="Dick (slang)">slang</a> for <a href="Penis" title="Penis">penis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li>

<li>In May 2006, a man in <a href="Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> in the UK found that e-mails he wrote to his local council to complain about a planning application had been blocked as they contained the word <a href="Construction" title="Construction">erection</a> when referring to a structure.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li>

<li>Blocked e-mails and web searches relating to The Beaver, a magazine based in <a href="Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, caused the publisher to change its name to <a href="Canada's_History" title="Canada's History">Canada's History</a> in 2010, after 89 years of publication.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Publisher Deborah Morrison commented: "Back in 1920, The Beaver was a perfectly appropriate name. And while its other meaning [<a href="Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a>] is nothing new, its ambiguity began to pose a whole new challenge with the advance of the Internet. The name became an impediment to our growth".<a href="#cite_note-bbc_beaver-27">[27]</a></li>

<li>In June 2010, <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> blocked a user from <a href="Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> 29 minutes after he had opened his account and posted his first tweet. The tweet read: "Finally! A pair of <a href="Great_tit" title="Great tit">great tits</a> (Parus major) has moved into my birdhouse!" Despite including the Latin name to point out that the tweet was about birds, any attempts to unblock the account were in vain.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li>

<li>In 2011, a councillor in <a href="Dudley" title="Dudley">Dudley</a> found an email flagged for profanity by his council's security software after mentioning the <a href="Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a> dish <a href="Faggot_(food)" title="Faggot (food)">faggots</a> (a type of <a href="Meatball" title="Meatball">meatball</a>, but also <a href="Faggot" title="Faggot">a pejorative term</a> for <a href="Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> men).<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li>

<li>Residents of <a href="Penistone" title="Penistone">Penistone</a> in South Yorkshire have had e-mails blocked because the town's name includes the substring penis.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li>

<li>Residents of <a href="Clitheroe" title="Clitheroe">Clitheroe</a> (<a href="Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, England) have been repeatedly inconvenienced because their town's name includes the substring clit, which is short for "<a href="Clitoris" title="Clitoris">clitoris</a>".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li>

<li>Résumés containing references to graduating with <a href="Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">Latin honors</a> such as cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude have been blocked by spam filters because of inclusion of the word cum, which is Latin for 'with' (in this usage), but is sometimes used as slang for <a href="Semen" title="Semen">semen</a> or <a href="Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">ejaculation</a> in English usage.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li>

<li>A <a href="Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> moderator alleged in March 2025 that the platform's automatic moderation system has been flagging posts that mentioned the name "Luigi". The moderator, who noted it flagging a post about the video game <a href="Luigi's_Mansion_3" title="Luigi's Mansion 3">Luigi's Mansion 3</a>, believed it to be part of Reddit's "automod" feature for forums with few active human moderators, and the software regarded "Luigi" as being among words which "could — but don't necessarily — indicate violating content" in reference to <a href="Luigi_Mangione" title="Luigi Mangione">Luigi Mangione</a>, the suspect in the <a href="Killing_of_Brian_Thompson" title="Killing of Brian Thompson">assassination of United Healthcare CEO Brian Thompson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_articles">News articles</h3></div>

<ul><li>In June 2008, the news site OneNewsNow run by the anti-<a href="LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> lobby group <a href="American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">American Family Association</a> filtered an <a href="Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> article on sprinter <a href="Tyson_Gay" title="Tyson Gay">Tyson Gay</a>, replacing instances of "gay" with "<a href="Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a>", thus rendering his name as "Tyson Homosexual".<a href="#cite_note-tysonhomosexual-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> This same function had previously changed the name of basketball player <a href="Rudy_Gay" title="Rudy Gay">Rudy Gay</a> to "Rudy Homosexual".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Similarly, in 2015, on the 70th anniversary of the <a href="Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombing of Hiroshima</a>, the Observer Chronicle referred to the <a href="Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a> as the "Enola Homosexual".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li>

<li> The word or string "ass" may be replaced by "butt", resulting in "clbuttic" for "classic", "buttignment" for "assignment", and "buttbuttinate" for "assassinate".<a href="#cite_note-butt-39">[39]</a> Saying something was a "clbuttic mistake" - a filter block of "ass" in "classic mistake" - is used online to humorously point out instances of the Scunthorpe problem happening.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3></div>

<ul><li>In 2008, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> confirmed that its policy to prevent the use of words relating to sexual orientation had meant that Richard Gaywood's name was deemed offensive and could not be used in his "gamertag" or in the "Real Name" field of his bio.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li>

<li>In 2010, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> banned an Xbox Live player named Josh Moore for stating he lived in <a href="Fort_Gay%2C_West_Virginia" title="Fort Gay, West Virginia">Fort Gay, West Virginia</a>, mistakenly deeming his profile offensive. Although he tried to clarify the situation, Xbox initially upheld the decision and warned of a possible permanent ban. The suspension lasted several days, causing him to miss a <a href="Call_of_Duty%3A_Modern_Warfare_2" title="Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2">Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2</a> Search and Destroy tournament.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> It took an appeal from Mayor David Thompson and media coverage for the issue to finally be corrected.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li>

<li>In 2011, the release of <a href="Pok%C3%A9mon_Black_and_White" title="Pokémon Black and White">Pokémon Black and White</a> introduced <a href="Cofagrigus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cofagrigus">Cofagrigus</a>, which could not be traded online to other players without a nickname because its species name contained the substring fag. The system has since been updated to allow players to trade it without nicknames. The same problem occurred with <a href="Nosepass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nosepass">Nosepass</a>, <a href="Probopass" class="mw-redirect" title="Probopass">Probopass</a> and <a href="Froslass" class="mw-redirect" title="Froslass">Froslass</a> due to their inclusion of the substring ass.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li>

<li>In January 2014, files used in the online game <a href="League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a> were reportedly blocked by some UK <a href="ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISP</a> filters due to the names "VarusExpirationTimer<a href="Lua_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lua (programming language)">.luaobj</a>" and "XerathMageChainsExtended.luaobj", which contain the substring sex. This was later corrected.<a href="#cite_note-lolsex-47">[47]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div>

<ul><li>In 2013, file transfers named for the Swedish city of <a href="Falun" title="Falun">Falun</a> caused web connection outages at Diakrit, a firm based in China. Diakrit resolved the issue by renaming the files. Fredrik Bergman of Diakrit believes that the file names triggered the <a href="Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a>'s censors used to block discussion of <a href="Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a>, a banned religious movement founded in China.<a href="#cite_note-china_wall-48">[48]</a></li>

<li>In November 2013, <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> temporarily blocked British users for using the word faggot in reference to the <a href="Faggot_(food)" title="Faggot (food)">traditional dish of the same name</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li>

<li>In May 2018, the website of the grocery store <a href="Publix" title="Publix">Publix</a> would not allow a cake to be ordered containing the Latin phrase summa cum laude. The customer attempted to rectify the problem by including special instructions, but still ended up with a cake reading "Summa --- Laude".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li>

<li>In May 2020, despite extensive media scrutiny, some <a href="Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a> directly referring to British political advisor <a href="Dominic_Cummings" title="Dominic Cummings">Dominic Cummings</a> were unable to <a href="List_of_Twitter_features#Trending_topics" title="List of Twitter features">trend</a> on <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> because the substring cum triggered an anti-porn filter.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li>

<li>In October 2020, a <a href="Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontology</a> conference's virtual meeting platform blocked various words including "bone", "<a href="Pubic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubic">pubic</a>", and "stream".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li>

<li>In January 2021, Facebook apologised for muting and banning users after it had erroneously flagged the Devon landmark <a href="Plymouth_Hoe" title="Plymouth Hoe">Plymouth Hoe</a> as misogynistic.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li>

<li>In April 2021, the official Facebook page for the French Commune of <a href="Bitche" title="Bitche">Bitche</a> was taken down. In response, commune officials created a new page referencing instead the postal code, Mairie 57230. Facebook later apologised and restored the original page. As a precaution, the officials of <a href="Rohrbach-l%C3%A8s-Bitche" title="Rohrbach-lès-Bitche">Rohrbach-lès-Bitche</a> renamed their Facebook page Ville de Rohrbach.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li>

<li>In March 2025, the <a href="United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> erroneously removed references to the <a href="Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a> aircraft because it had the substring gay as part of a purge of <a href="Diversity%2C_equity_and_inclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Diversity, equity and inclusion">diversity, equity and inclusion content</a> ordered by Defense Secretary <a href="Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Censorship_by_Google" title="Censorship by Google">Censorship by Google</a></li>

<li><a href="Cupertino_effect" title="Cupertino effect">Cupertino effect</a> – Software bug in a spell checker</li>

<li><a href="False_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">False positive</a> – Types of error in data reportingPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li>

<li><a href="Predictive_text" title="Predictive text">Predictive text</a> – Input technology for mobile phone keypads</li>

<li><a href="Rebracketing" title="Rebracketing">Rebracketing</a> – Process in historical linguistics</li>

<li><a href="Spam_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam detection">Spam detection</a> – Methods to prevent email spamPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li>

<li><a href="Wordfilter" title="Wordfilter">Wordfilter</a> – Script used to censor words or phrases on the internet</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKeating2016" class="citation news cs1">Keating, Lauren (17 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techtimes.com/articles/134442/20160217/words-nintendo-censors-appearing-3ds.htm">"These Are The Words Nintendo Censors From Appearing On The 3DS"</a>. Tech Times. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-lolsex-47"><a href="#cite_ref-lolsex_47-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGibbs2014" class="citation news cs1">Gibbs, Samuel (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/21/uk-porn-filter-blocks-game-update-that-contained-sex">"UK porn filter blocks game update that contained 'sex'"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205202/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/21/uk-porn-filter-blocks-game-update-that-contained-sex">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFerguson2018" class="citation news cs1">Ferguson, Amber (22 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522141439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/05/22/proud-mom-orders-summa-cum-laude-cake-online-publix-censors-it-to-summa-laude/">"Proud mom orders 'Summa Cum Laude' cake online. Publix censors it: Summa … Laude"</a>. <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.</cite><code class="cs1-code">{{cite news}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

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<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAmatulli2018" class="citation news cs1">Amatulli, Jenna (22 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/publix-censors-teens-summa-cum-laude-graduation-cake_n_5b042efbe4b003dc7e46a54a">"Publix Censors Teen's 'Summa Cum Laude' Graduation Cake"</a>. <a href="The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905021656/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/publix-censors-teens-summa-cum-laude-graduation-cake_us_5b042efbe4b003dc7e46a54a">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/commentary/20180527/carolyn-cooper-latin-cum-mistaken-semen">"Carolyn Cooper | Latin cum mistaken for semen"</a>. jamaica-gleaner.com. 27 May 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHern2020" class="citation news cs1">Hern, Alex (27 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/27/anti-porn-filters-stop-dominic-cummings-trending-on-twitter">"Anti-porn filters stop Dominic Cummings trending on Twitter"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220211526/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/27/anti-porn-filters-stop-dominic-cummings-trending-on-twitter">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFerreira2020" class="citation news cs1">Ferreira, Becky (15 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-profanity-filter-banned-the-word-bone-at-a-paleontology-conference/">"A Profanity Filter Banned the Word 'bone' at a Paleontology Conference"</a>. <a href="Vice_Media#Properties" title="Vice Media">Motherboard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223094721/https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyzamj/a-profanity-filter-banned-the-word-bone-at-a-paleontology-conference">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/dei-purge-images-pentagon-diversity-women-black-8efcfaec909954f4a24bad0d49c78074">"War heroes and military firsts are among 26,000 images flagged for removal in Pentagon's DEI purge"</a>. AP News. 7 March 2025.</cite>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Profanity148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Profanity" title="Profanity">Profanity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Profanity_in_American_Sign_Language" title="Profanity in American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Cantonese_profanity" title="Cantonese profanity">Cantonese</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_profanity" title="Dutch profanity">Dutch</a></li>

<li><a href="Esperanto_profanity" title="Esperanto profanity">Esperanto</a></li>

<li><a href="Finnish_profanity" title="Finnish profanity">Finnish</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_profanity" title="Georgian profanity">Georgian</a></li>

<li>German</li>

<li><a href="Hindustani_profanity" title="Hindustani profanity">Hindi-Urdu</a></li>

<li><a href="Hokkien_profanity" title="Hokkien profanity">Hokkien</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_profanity" title="Italian profanity">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_profanity" title="Japanese profanity">Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_profanity" title="Korean profanity">Korean</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_obscenity" title="Latin obscenity">Latin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandarin_Chinese_profanity" title="Mandarin Chinese profanity">Mandarin Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_profanity" title="Norwegian profanity">Norwegian</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_profanity" title="Polish profanity">Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Portuguese_profanity" title="Portuguese profanity">Portuguese</a></li>

<li><a href="Quebec_French_profanity" title="Quebec French profanity">Quebec French</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_profanity" title="Romanian profanity">Romanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mat_(profanity)" title="Mat (profanity)">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_slang" title="Sinhala slang">Sinhala</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_profanity" title="Spanish profanity">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Swedish_profanity" title="Swedish profanity">Swedish</a></li>

<li><a href="Tagalog_profanity" title="Tagalog profanity">Tagalog</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bleep_censor" title="Bleep censor">Bleep censor</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast_delay" title="Broadcast delay">Broadcast delay</a></li>

<li><a href="Expletive_deleted" title="Expletive deleted">Expletive deleted</a></li>

<li><a href="Grawlix" title="Grawlix">Grawlix</a></li>

<li><a href="Swear_jar" title="Swear jar">Swear jar</a></li>

<li><a href="Wordfilter" title="Wordfilter">Wordfilter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Expletive_attributive" title="Expletive attributive">Expletive attributive</a></li>

<li><a href="Expletive_infixation" title="Expletive infixation">Expletive infixation</a></li>

<li><a href="Fighting_words" title="Fighting words">Fighting words</a></li>

<li><a href="Four-letter_word" title="Four-letter word">Four-letter word</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypoalgesic_effect_of_swearing" title="Hypoalgesic effect of swearing">Hypoalgesic effect of swearing</a></li>

<li><a href="Maledicta" title="Maledicta">Maledicta</a></li>

<li><a href="Maledictology" title="Maledictology">Maledictology</a></li>

<li><a href="Minced_oath" title="Minced oath">Minced oath</a></li>

<li><a href="Pardon_my_French" title="Pardon my French">Pardon my French</a></li>

<li><a href="Profane_Swearing_Act_1694" title="Profane Swearing Act 1694">Profane Swearing Act 1694</a></li>

<li><a href="Profanity_in_science_fiction" title="Profanity in science fiction">Profanity in science fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Seven_dirty_words" title="Seven dirty words">Seven dirty words</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_ethnic_slurs" title="List of ethnic slurs">List of ethnic slurs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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